Studies on Greater one Horned Rhinoceros Behaviour and Ecology with Special References to Wild to Wild Translocated Rhinoceros: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2018/v144i10/139569Keywords:
Rhinoceros, Translocation, Ecology, Reintroduction, Behaviour, AssociationAbstract
Greater one horned rhinoceros behaviour and ecology is one of most important subject to understand the survival of the animals. There are very limited studies on behavioural and ecological aspects of the animal. This study highlights general behaviour and ecological study of rhino in wild and during the process of reintroduction. As limited rhino translocation process undertaken last couple of decades in India and Nepal so minimum scopes of research in these aspects. Translocated rhinoceros behaviour and ecological studies based on previously accomplished wild rhinos' studies of different rhino bearing areas of India and Nepal. This study highlights both wild and reintroduced rhinoceros behaviour and ecology part as these are two vital aspects to protect and preserve the species in the donor and recipient sites of rhino ranging areas.References
Agarwal S., Arendran G., Bhat P. (2010). Potential Habitat Modelling for Rhinoceros unicornis (the Great Indian One-Horned Rhino): A Geo-Statical Analysis. Young Ecologist Talk and Interact (Bangalore), 85 pp.
Ali S. (1950). The Great Indian One Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinocerosunicornis) in Assam Province, India. Proceeding and Papers, International Technical Conference on the of Nature, 1949, 33(4): 570-573.
Avari E.D. (1957). The Jaldapara Game Sanctuary, West Bengal. J. Bengal Natural History Society, 29(3): 65-68.
Bairagee A. Bairagee S.P., and Kalita J. (2003). Some Dominant Tall Grassland Species in Tropical Grassland of Pobitora Wild Life Sanctuary, Assam, India. J. Nacton, 15(2): 459-463.
Bailey R. (2011). A Study of the Relationship Between Crop Damage Inflicted by the One Horned Indian Rhinoceros and Defensive Response to These Damages by Farmers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Doctoral Dissertation, Simon, Fraser, University, Canada, 54-87pp.
Banerjee G. Choudhury B.C. and Rawat G.S. (2001).Habitat used by Great One Horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) and other Sympatric Species in Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India. A Report, Wild Life Institute of India, Dehradun, 1-28pp.
Barman R., Choudhury B., Ashraf N.V.K. and Menon V. (2014). Rehabilitation of Greater One-horned Rhinoceros Calves in Manas National Park, a World Heritage Site in India. Pachyderm, 55:78-88.
Barua M. (1998). Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary. Zoo Print, 13(4): 9-11.
Bhattacharya B.K. (1991). Studies on Certain Aspects of Biology of the One-horned Rhinoceros, PhD Thesis, Gauhati University, 1-287pp.
Bhatta R. (2011). Ecology and Conservation of Great Indian One Horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Pobitora Wild Life Sanctuary, Assam, India, PhD Thesis, Gauhati University 25100 pp.
Bist S.S (1994) Population history of Rhinoceros in North Bengal. Zoo Print, 9(2): 75-83.
Blanford W.T. (1891).The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Mammalia. Taylor and Francis, London, 50-54pp.
Blandford W.T. and Price L. (1991). Demography and Habitat use by Greater One-horned Rhinoceros in Nepal. J. Wild Life Management, 55: 401-411.
Bonal B.S., Talukdar B.K. and Sharma A. (2009). Translocation of Rhino in Assam. Tiger Paper, 36 (1):91.
Bonal B.S., Sharma A., Dutta D.K., Swargowari A. and Bhobora C.R (2008). An account of the Released Rhinos in Manas National Park, Assam (April - September 2008),Translocation Core Committee, Indian Rhino Vision (IRV), 2020, Govt. of Assam, India, 8-12pp.
Burnett J.H. (1958). The Manas Unknown Wild Life Sanctuary. Oryx, 4:322-325.
Caro T. (1999). The Behaviour- Conservation Interface, TREE 14:366-369.
Dinerstein E. (1979a). An ecological survey of the Royal KarnaliBardia Wild Life Reserve, Nepal, Part I: Vegetation Modifying factors and succession relationships. Biology Conservation, 15:127-150.
Dinerstein E. and Wemmer C.M. (1988). Fruits Rhinoceros eat, Dispersal of Trewia nudiflora in Lowland Nepal. Ecology, 69:17681774.
Dinerstein E. and Price L. (1991). Demography and Habitat used by Greater One Horned Rhinoceros in Nepal. J. Wild Manage, 55 (3):401-411.
Dinerstein E. (1992.) Effect of Rhinoceros unicornison Riverine Forest Structure in Lowland, Nepal. Ecology, 73 (2):701-704.
Dinerstein E. (2003). The Return of the Unicorns, Columbia University Press, New York, 2-6pp.
Dutta A.K. (1991) Unicornis: the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros, Konark Publisher, Delhi, 45-185pp.
Dutta D.K., Sharma A. Swargowari A., Bhobora C.R., B.S., Ghose D. and William A.C. (2012). How many locations do we need to reliably describe the habitat use of translocated rhino in Manas NP. J. Natural Research, 2:47-53.
Dutta D.K. and Mahanta R. (2015). A Study on Behaviour and Colonisation of Translocated Rhinos during 90 days from Release of Manas National Park, Assam, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 7(2):6864-6877.
Dutta D.K., Sharma A., Mahanta R. and Swargowary A. (2017). Behaviour of post released translocated greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) at Manas National Park, Assam, India. Pachyderm, 58:58-66.
Dutta G.C. and Bhattacharya B.K. (1989). Some Observation on Daily Habitat activity on One Horned Rhinoceros. Zoo Print, 4: 11.
Emsile R.H., Amin R., Kock R.H. (2009). Guidelines for the In-situ Reintroduction and Translocation of African and Asian Rhinoceros, First Edition, Occasional Paper of the IUCN. Species Survival Commission, 39: 95-97.
Fjellstad J.I. and Steinheim G. (1996) Diet and Habitat use of Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) and Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) during the dry season in Babai Valley, Royal Bardia National Park, As Agricultural University Norway.1-48pp.
Gee E.P. (1950). Wildlife Reserves in India. Assam. Indian J. History Society, 49(1) 81-89.
Gee E.P. (1953a). The life history of the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis Linn). J. Bombay Natural History Society, 34(2):341-348.
Gee E.P. (1953b). Further observation on the Great Indian One Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis Linn). J. Bombay Natural History Society, 51(4): 241-248.
Gee E.P. (1954). The Most Famous Rhino. Natural History, 367396pp.
Gee E.P. (1964). The Wild Life of India. Collins, London, 100224pp.
Ghose D. (1991).Studies on the Eco-Status of the Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) with Special reference to altered Habitat due to Human Interference in Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal. PhD Thesis, University of Ranchi, India, 20:75pp.
Hazarika B.C. (2007).Studies on the Eco-Behavioural Aspects of Great Indian One- Horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis Lin) in Orang National Park, India, PhD Thesis, Gauhati University, 100:174pp.
Hazarika, B.C. and Saikia, P.K. (2010). A Study on the Behaviour of Great Indian One-horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis Linn.) in the Rajiv Gandhi Orang National park, Assam, India. NeBio, 1(2): 62-74.
Hazarika B.C. and Saikia P.K. (2011). A study on the Habitat Utilization Pattern of Great Indian One-Horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornisLinn.) in the Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park, Assam, India. NeBio, 2(2): 37-49.
Hazarika B.C. and Saikia P.K (2012). Food Habit and Feeding Patterns of Great Indian One –Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in the Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park, Assam, India.
International Scholarly Research Network, 1-11pp Hazarika B.C., Saikia P.K and Sarkar P. (2013). Study on Time Budgeting Pattern of Indian Rhino in Orang National park of Assam, India. Golden Research Thoughts, 3 (5): 1-4.
Jnawali S.R. (1989) Park people interaction: Assessment of Crop Damage and Human Harassment Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Sauraha area adjacent to Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal, M.Sc. Thesis. Agricultural University of Norway. 50150pp.
Jnawali S.R. and Wegge P. (1995) Space and habitat use by a small re-introduced population of Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Royal Bardia National Park in Nepal- A Preliminary Report, King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation, Department of Biology and Nature Conservation, 30-65pp.
Jnawali S.R. (1995). Population Ecology of Greater One Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) with particular emphasis on Habitat Preferences on Food Ecology And Ranging Behaviour of A Reintroduced Population in Royal Bardia National Park In Lowland Nepal, PhD Thesis. Agriculture University of Norway, Oslo, Norway, 25: 100.
Kakoti B.N. and Rajkonwar C.J. (1972). Some Observation on the Reproductive Behaviour of Rhinoceros unicornis. Indian Forester, 98:357-358.
Kandel R.C. and Jhala Y.V. (2008). Demographic Structure, Activity patterns, Habitat Use and Food Habits of Rhinoceros unicornis in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. J. Bombay Natural History Society, 105(1): 5-13.
Kandel R.C. (2003).Aspects of Foraging. Activity, Habitat Use and Demography of Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis Linn) in Royal Chitwan National park, Nepal, Dissertation Submitted to Saurashtra University for partial fulfilment of Master's degree in Wildlife Science, 70-78pp.
Kushwaha S.P.S., Roy P.S., Azeem A., Boruah P. and Lahan P. (2000). Land Area Changes and Rhino Habitat Suitability Analysis in Kaziranga NP, Assam. Tiger Paper, 27: 9-16.
Lahan P. and Sonowal S.N. (1973). Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam. J. of Bombay Natural History Society, 70(2):245-278.
Lahan P. (1974). Aggressive behaviour of the Great Indian Onehorned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Unicornis Linn.),The Rhino. J.
Kaziranga Wild Life Society, 2(1):13-19. Lahkar P.B., Talukdar K.B. and Sharma P. (2011). Invasive species in Grassland Habitat: and Ecological threat to Greater One Horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis). Pachyderm, 49: 33-39.
Laurie W.A. (1978).The Ecology and Behaviour of the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros, PhD. Dissertation, Cambridge University 10-486pp.
Laurie W.A. (1982). Behavioural Ecology of Great Indian OneHorned Rhinoceros. J. Zoology, 196:307-341.
Owen-Smith R N. (1988). Mega Herbivores: The Influence of very large body size on Ecology, Cambridge University Press, 369pp.
Patar K.C. (2005). Behavioural Patterns of the One Horned Indian Rhinoceros, Observation in Kaziranga National Park, Spectrum Publications, Guwahati, Delhi, 49pp
Patar K.C., Gogoi P., Das A.C. and Bora P.J. (2007). Report on Habitat Assessment Indian Rhino Vision (IRV) 2020, Forest Département Assam, 1-23pp.
Rawat G.S. (2005).Vegetation dynamics and management of Rhinoceros habitat in Duars of West Bengal and ecological review, National Academy of Science, Letters, India, 28:177-184.
Ripley S.D. (1952). Territorial and Sexual Behaviour in Great Indian Rhinoceros-A Speculation. The Ecological Society of America. Ecology, 33:570-573.
Sale J.B. and Singh S. (1987). Reintroduction of Greater One Horned Rhinoceros into Dudhwa National Park. Oryx, 21(2): 81-84.
Sarma K.P., Mipun S.B., Talukdar K.B., Singh H., Basumatary K.A., Das K.A., Sarkar A. and Hazarika B.C. (2012). Assessment of Habitat Utilization pattern of rhinos (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Orang National Park, Assam, India. Pachyderm, 51:38-44.
Singh S.P., Sharma A., Dutta D.K., Swargowari A. Bhobora C.R., Singh D.M. (2012). An Account of Released Rhinos in Manas National Park-The Third Year (April-2010- March2011), Translocation Core Committee, Indian Rhino Vision (IRV), 2020, Govt. of Assam, India, 2-10pp.
Sinha S.P. and Sawakar V.B. (1994). Ten Years (1984-1994) of the Asian Rhino Reintroduction Programme in Dudhwa National Park, India, Newsletter of the Reintroduction Specialist Group of IUCN. SSC, 9:2-13.
Sinha S.P., Sinha B.C. and Qureshi Q. (2011). The Asiatic One Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Indian and NepalEcology Management and Conservation Strategy. Wild Life Institute of India, 19-75pp.
Steinheim G. Wegge P. Fjellstad J.I., Jnawali S.R. and Weladji R.B. (2005). Dry Season Diet and Habitat Use of sympatric Asian Elephants (Elephas maximas) and Greater One -Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Nepal. Zoology, 265:377-385.
Stracey P.D (1963). Wildlife In India, Its Conservation and Control, Ministry of Food, Agriculture, C.D & Co-op Department of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi, 66-138pp.
Subedi N. (2012). Effect of Mikania micrantha on the demography, habitat use and nutrition of greater one-horned rhinoceros in Chitwan NP, Nepal, PhD. Thesis Submitted to Forest Research Institute University, Dehra Dun, India, 1-209
Thapa K., Williams A.C. Khaling S.B. (2009). Observations on Habitat Preferences of Translocated Rhinos in Bardia National Park and Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal. Pachyderm, 45:108-114.
ThapaV., Acevedo F.M and Limbu P.K. (2014). An Analysis of the Habitat of the Greater One Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) at the Chitwan National Park, Nepal. J. Threatened Taxa, 6(10): 6313-6325pp
Tripathi K.A. (2012). Habitat and population ecology of Rhinoceros unicornis in Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh. Inter. J. Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 3 (11):2090-2097.
Tripathi K.A. (2013). Social and Reproductive Behaviour of Greater One Horned Rhino-Rhinoceros unicornis, in Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh. Inter. J. Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 4 (11):3116-3121.
Ulrich W. (1964). ZurBiologie der panzernashoner in Assam. Zoology. GartLpz, 28:225-250.
Yadav V.K. (2000). Male Male Aggression in rhinoceros-A Case Study for North Bengal. Indian Forester, 126(10) 1030-1034.
Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Unless otherwise stated, copyright or similar rights in all materials presented on the site, including graphical images, are owned by Indian Forester.
