Review of Indian Gentian (Gentiana kurroo Royle) - A Medicinal Plant of High Conservation Concern
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2024/v150i8/170435Keywords:
Gentiana kurroo Royle, Ecology, Propagation, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology.Abstract
Indian Gentian (Gentiana kurroo Royle) a member of family Gentianaceae is endemic to the north and north-western parts of the Indian Himalayan region, being 80 per cent of its populations confined to this region only, and rest in Pakistan and Nepal. Excessive harvesting of roots and rhizomes from its remnant natural habitats for medicinal uses has threatened the species to extinction and listed in the 'Critically Endangered' category of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Gentiopicroside, a secoiridoid glycoside, is the major biologically active constituent both in roots and rhizomes as well in leaves. The species once thought to be extinct from Kashmir and Uttarakhand Himalayas has been rediscovered from both the regions after more than six and five decades respectively of its last reporting. The available knowledge on its ecology, species survival strategy, and phytochemical and pharmacological profile has been reviewed in this article.References
Alphonse, Mariadoss, Chandrasekaran, Rajasekaran, Ramamoorthy, Siva, Fulzele, Devanand P., Raina, Ravindra and Thiagarajan, Kalaivani (2022). Optimizing shoot formation in Gentiana kurroo Royle for gentiopicroside production. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41: 983–992
Alphonse, Mariadoss, Thiagarajan, Kalaivani, Fulzele, Devanand P., Pillay, Michael, Satdive, Ramesh K., Kamble, Suchita N., Raina, Ravindra, Ramamoorthy, Siva and Chandrasekaran, Rajasekaran (2022). Effect of gamma radiation on gentiopicroside production in Gentiana kurroo Royle in-vitro cultures. Industrial Crops and Products, 176(2): 114392
Anon. (1956). The Wealth of India: A Dictionary of Indian Raw Material and Industrial Products; Publication and Information Directorate CSIR: New Delhi, India, 4: 123–125.
Anon. (2000). ADictionary of Indian Raw Material and Industrial Products; CSIR: New Delhi, India.
Baba, Shoib A. and Malik Shahid A. (2014). Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of Gentiana kurroo Royle. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 21(5): 493-498
Behera M.C. and Raina R. (2011). Cytomorphology of Gentiana kurroo: an important endangered bitter plant of temperate Himalaya. Journal of Forestry Research, 22(4): 621-626.
Blatter E. (1929). Beautiful Flowers of Kashmir (Vol. II). John Balc, Danielsson, London.
Chandola S. (2005). Some rare and imperfectly known medicinal plant species of Uttaranchal. Indian Forester, 131(3): 341-345.
Chauhan N.S. (1999). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Himachal Pradesh; Indus Publishing Company: New Delhi, India: 207-210
Choubey Pragya, Sharma Vinesh, Joshi Robin, Upadhyaya Ashwani, Kumar Dinesh and Patial Vikram (2024). Hydroethanolic extract of Gentiana kurroo Royle rhizome ameliorates ethanol-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrogenesis in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 325(10): 117866
Chowdhery H.J. and Wadwa B.M. (1984). Flora of Himachal Pradesh (Vol-II). Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, India.
Coventry B.O. (1927). Wild Flowers of Kashmir (Series-III). Raithby, Lawerence & Co., Ltd., London.
Datta S.C. and Mukerji B. (1949). Pharmacognosy of Indian Root and Rhizome Drugs; Pharmacognosy Laboratory Bulletin No. 1; Ministry of Health, Government of India Press: New Delhi, India: 95–97
Federov (1974). Chromosome numbers of flowering plants. West Germany: Otto Koeltz Science Publishers: 328−330.
Fiuk A., Rajkiewicz M. and Rybczynski J.J. (2003). In vitro culture of Gentiana kurroo Royle, Biotech, 3: 267-274.
Gilani S.A., Qureshi R.A., Gilani S.J. (2006). Indegenious uses of some important ethnomedicinal herbs of Ayubia National Park, Abbottabad, Pakistan. Ethnobot. Leafl., 10: 385–393.
Goraya G.S., Jishtu V., Rawat G.S. and Ved D.K. (2013). Wild medicinal plants of Himachal Pradesh: an assessment of their conservation status and management prioritisation, Himachal Pradesh Forest Department, Shimla, 35. The IUCN RED List of Threatened Species.
Jeelani, Syed Mudassir, Singh Jasvinder, Sharma Arti, Rather, Gulzar A., Ali Sheikh Abid, Gupta Ajai, Prakash Singh, Shashank Lattoo and Surrinder K. (2021). In-vitro cytotoxicity in relation to chemotypic diversity in diploid and tetraploid populations of Gentiana kurroo Royle. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 274(28): 113966
Jiang R.W., Wong K.L., Chan Y.M., Xu H.X., But P.P.H. and Shaw P.C. (2005). Isolation of iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides and comparative study on Radix gentianae and related adulterants by HPLC analysis. Phytochemistry, 66: 2674–2680.
Karolina Tomiczak, Elwira Sliwinska and Jan J. Rybczyn´ski (2016). Comparison of the morphogenic potential of five Gentiana species in leaf mesophyll protoplast culture and ploidy stability of regenerated calli and plants. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 126: 319–331
Kaur R., Panwar N., Saxena B., Raina R. and Bharadwaj S.V. (2009). Genetic stability in long-term micropropagated 21 plants of Gentiana kurroo—an endangered medicinal plant. Journal of New Seeds, 10(4): 236-244.
Khan Mubashir, Khalid Ghazanfar, Bashir A. Ganai, Seema Akbar, Akhtar H. Malik and Akbar Masood. (2014). Scientific Validation of Gentiana kurroo Royle for Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Potential. ISRN Inflammation, 10: 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/701765
Khuroo A., Dar G.H., Khan Z.S. and Reshi Z.A. (2005). Observations on Gentiana kurroo Royle, a Critically Endangered Medicinal Plant from the Kashmir Himalaya, India. Endangered Species UPDATE, 22(4): 139-143
Kumar V. (1999). Studies on propagation techniques and evaluation for bitter components in Gentiana kurroo Royle, Ph D Thesis submitted to College of Forestry, DrYS Parmar University ofHorticulture andForestry,Nauni,Solan, H.P: 114 pp
Kumar V., Chand R., Auzi A., Ikeshiro Y. and Sarker S.D. (2003). 2′-(2, 3-Dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-7-ketologanin: a novel iridoid glucoside from the leaves of Gentiana kurroo. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 58(9): 668-670.
Kumar Vishavjit (2005). Vulnerable and threatened plants of economic value: Gentiana kurroo Royle. MFP News, 15(2): 20-21
Lal M, Kumari K., Samant S.S., Paul S. and Dutt S. (2019). Population Status, Distribution, Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Threatened Herb Gentiana kurroo Royle. J. Biol. Chem. Chron., 5(2): 18-27
Maurya Anupam, Khan Feroz, Bawankule Dnyaneshwar Umrao, Yadav Dharmendra, Kumar Srivastava and Santosh Kumar (2012). QSAR, docking and in-vivo studies for immunomodulatory activity of isolated triterpenoids from Eucalyptus tereticornis and Gentiana kurroo. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 47(1): 152-161
Mular S. and Walker S. (1998). Selected medicinal plants of northern, north eastern & central India, Conservation, assessment & management plan (C.A.M.P.) workshop report, Forest Department of Utter Pradesh.
Nadkarni K.M. (1976). Gentiana kurroo Royle: In Indian Materia Medica, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, India: 573– 576
Raina R., Behera M.C., Chand Romesh and Sharma Yashpal (2003). Reproductive biology of Gentiana kurroo Royle. Current Science, 85(5): 667-670
Sarg T., Salama O., Domiaty M.E., Bisher M., Mansour E.S. and Weight E. (1991). Iridoid Glucosides from Gentiana kurroo Royle. Alex. J. Pharm. Sci., 5: 84–86
Selvam A.B.D. (2012). Gentianaceae. Pharmacognosy of Negative Listed Plants; Botanical Survey of India: Kolkata: 96–105.
Sharma G.K. (2000). Medicinal plant folklore and ayurvedic system of medicine in the Indo-Tibetan outer Himalayas. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 75(1- 2): 38-41.
Sharma A. Kaur R. and Sharma N. (2014). In vitro morphogenic response of different explants of Gentiana kurroo Royle from Western Himalayas-an endangered medicinal plant. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 20: 249-256.
Sharma Neelam, Chandel K.P.S. and Paul Anderson (1993). In-vitro propagation of Gentiana kurroo- an indigenous threatened plant of medicinal importance. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 34: 307–309
Sharma Neelam, Gowthami R., Devi Vimala S., Malhotra Era Vaidya, Pandey Ruchira and Agrawal Anuradha (2021). Cryopreservation of shoot tips of Gentiana kurroo Royle- a critically endangered medicinal plant of India. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 144: 67–72
Sharma P.K., Sethi G.S., Sharma S.K. and Sharma T.K. (2006). Ethnomedicinal observations among the inhabitants of cold desert area of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl., 5: 358–361.
Tomar Anita, Manhas Rajesh Kumar and Srivastava Rajeev Kumar (2011). Macroproliferation of Gentiana kurroo Royle. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, April- June: 138-140
Tondon V. (1997). Status of collection, conservation, trade and potential for growth and sustainable use of major medicinal plant species found in the Great Himalayan National Park and its environs in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh. Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions Bangalore, INDIA: 40pp
Unial B. and Shiva V. (2005). Traditional knowledge on medicinal plants among rural women of Garhwal Himalayas, Uttaranchal. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl., 4: 259–266.
Wani Bilal A., Ramamoorthy D., Rather Manzoor A., Arumugam N., Qazi, Asif Khurshid, Majeed, Rabiya, Abid Hamid, Ganie, Showkat, Ganai, Bashir A., Anand, Rajneesh, Gupta and Ajai P. (2013). Induction of apoptosis in human pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cells through the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by Gentiana kurroo root extract and LC-ESI-MS analysis of its principal constituents. Phytomedicine, 20(8–9): 723-733
Warrier P.K., Nambier V.P.K. and Ramakutty C. (1995). Indian Medicinal Plants: A Compendium of 500 Species; Orient Longman Pvt Ltd.: Madras, India, 3: 72–75.
Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Unless otherwise stated, copyright or similar rights in all materials presented on the site, including graphical images, are owned by Indian Forester.
