An Ethno-Entomological Study of Edible Insects in Assam

Abstract

The people of Northeast India use edible insects as both a nutritional source and cultural heritage, mainly within tribal communities. The research was conducted across five districts of Assam from April 2024 to April 2025 to study traditional insect knowledge, species diversity, and pattern of entomophagy. A total of 500 respondents were surveyed, of whom 405 (81%) reported consuming edible insects, while 95 (19%) reported not consuming them. This study identified 26 insect species. The preparation methods for insects included frying, roasting, smoking and consuming them raw, depending on both species' characteristics and local traditions. Insect collection and trading activities primarily carried out by women and marginalized groups who often obtain high market prices for certain species. Statistical analyses indicated significant associations between community category and insect consumption (² = 114.83, p < 0.001), as well as between age group and consumption (² = 20.28, p < 0.001). Traditional practices face threats because of cultural erosion and changes modern dietary habits. The combination of insect farming with traditional knowledge and scientific methods provides sustainable solutions to enhance nutrition while protecting cultural heritage and improving rural economic conditions in areas facing environmental and socio-economic challenges.