Prey-predator Relationships with Special Reference to the Tiger, Panther and Dhole Competitions in Kalakad-mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (Tirunelveli District - Tamil Nadu)

Abstract

Prey-predator relationships were analysed with the available data on the population distribution and feeding habits of the major prey and predator species of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. Tiger, Panther and Wild Dogs are the major predator animals, while Sambar, Chital, Gaur, Mouse Deer, Langur, Wild Boar and Hare are the major prey species consumed by the above predators. Sambar is one of the major prey species for all the predators. The areas of the Tigers and Panthers are distinct and separate in this reserve (parapatry condition) whereas, the Wild Dogs are found both in Tiger and Panther areas (sympatry condition). Panthers are not major competitors of Tigers for the prey, while Wild Dogs are the potential competitors of the Tigers. Impacts of such competition on prey population and stock for the Panthers is also analysed. Certain aspects which require management considerations are discussed.