Vegetation Survey and Ecological Studies under Silver Fir and Spruce Forests of Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

This paper describes the phytosociological studies under spruce-fir (Picea smithiana and Ahies pindrow) forests at Narkanda, Himachal Pradesh. Abundance, frequency, density, Importance Value Index (I.V.I.) and morphological characters such as diameter, height and basal area have been worked out for individual ground vegetation species. The community is dominated by Fragaria indica and the contribution of Swertia chirata is recorded least in community development.