Repellency Effect of Essentials Oils Using K and D Module against <I>Aedes aegypti</I>, Vector of Dengue and Chikungunya

Ashish Uniyal; Sachin N. Tikar; Shakti V. Shukla; Om P. Agrawal; Devanathan Sukumaran; Vijay Veer

doi:10.36808/if/2015/v141i12/85602

Repellency Effect of Essentials Oils Using K and D Module against Aedes aegypti, Vector of Dengue and Chikungunya

Authors

Ashish Uniyal Vector Management Division, Defence R and D Establishment, Gwalior-474002
Sachin N. Tikar Vector Management Division, Defence R and D Establishment, Gwalior-474002
Shakti V. Shukla Fragrance and Flavour Development Center, G. T. Road, Makrand Nagar, Kannuaj-209726
Om P. Agrawal School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474 011
Devanathan Sukumaran Vector Management Division, Defence R and D Establishment, Gwalior-474002
Vijay Veer Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam-784001

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2015/v141i12/85602

Keywords:

Essential Oils, Repellent, K and D Module, GC/MS, Aedes aegypti.

Abstract

Essential oils are natural volatile substances from plants and they are used as protective measure against blood-sucking insects. The objective of the study was to determine the effective repellency of 23 essential oils at various doses against female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions using K&D module and to identify chemical constituents of the oils by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that litsea oil exhibited effective mean percentage repellency of 43%, 86%, 93% and 100% at 0.01%, 0.1%, 1.0% and 10% concentration, respectively with the median effective dose (ED₅₀ ) of 0.012 (95% CI= 0.003-0.028). At 20% concentration, litsea oil showed 83% repellency upto 2 hr and the dominant component of litsea oil was identified as Zcitral by GC/MS. The studies indicate that these oils could be used in the preparation of herbal mosquito repellents which are safe to human beings.

References

Amer A. and Mehlhorn H. (2006). Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes, Parasitology Research, 99: 478-490.

Angioni A., Barra A., Coroneo V., Dessi S. and Cabras P. (2006). Chemical composition, seasonal variability, and antifungal activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas essential oils from stem/leaves and flowers, Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 54: 4364â€“4370.

Anwar F., Ali M., Hussain A.I. and Shahid M. (2009). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds from Pakistan, Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 24: 170-176.

Baser C.H.K. and Buchbauer G. (2010). Hand Book Essential Oils: Science, Technology and Applications. Raton Florida: CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York.

Campbell C., Gries R. and Gries G. (2010). Forty-two compounds in eleven essential oils elicit antennal responses from Aedes aegypti, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 138: 21â€“32.

Choochote W., Chaithong U., Kamsuk K., Jitpakdi A., Tippawangkosol P., Tuetun B., Champakaew D. and Pitasawat B. (2007). Repellent activity of selected essential oils against Aedes aegypti, Fitoterapia, 78: 359-364.

Chaturvedi U.C. and Nagar R. (2008). Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever: Indian perspective, J. Biosci, 33: 429-441.

Clements A. N. (1992). The biology of mosquitoes. Vol. 1. Chapman and Hall.

Curtis C.F., Lines J.D., Ijumba J., Challaghan A., Hill N. and Karimzad M.A. (1987). The relative efficacy of repellents against mosquito vectors of disease, Med. Vet. Entomol., 1: 109-119.

Das N.G., Baruah I., Talukdar P.K. and Das S.C. (2003). Evaluation of botanicals as repellents against mosquitoes, J. Vector Borne Dis., 40: 4953.

De-Boer H.J., Vongsombath C., Palsson K., Bjork L. and Jaenson T.G.T. (2010). Botanical repellents and pesticides traditionally used against hematophagous invertebrates in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic: a comparative study of plants used in 66 villages, J. Med. Entomol, 47: 400-414.

Fradin M.S. (1998). Mosquito and mosquito repellents: a clinicianâ€™s guide, Ann. Intern. Med., 128: 931- 940.

Gu H.J., Cheng S.S., Lin C.Y., Huang C.G., Chen W.J. and Chang S.T. (2009). Repellency of essential oils of Cryptomeria japonica (Pinaceae) against adults of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera:Culicidae), J. Agric. Food Chem., 57(23): 11127-11133.

Gupta N., Srivastava S., Jain A. and Chaturvedi U.C. (2012). Dengue in India, Indian J. Med. Res., 136(3): 373-390.

Guilherme J., Maia S., Helena E. and Andrade A. (2007). Plant sources of Amazon rosewood oil, Quim. Nova., 30(8): 1906-1910.

Hati A.K. (2006). Studies on dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in West Bengal State, India, J. Commun. Dis., 38: 124-129.

Hori M. (2003). Repellency of essential oils against the cigrette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), Appl. Entomol. Zool., 38: 467-473.

Hu L., Wang Y., Du M. and Zhang J. (2011). Characterization of the volatiles and active components in ethanol extracts of fruits of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography- olfactometry (GC-O), Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(14): 3298-3303.

Hussain A.I., Anwar F., Sherazi S.T.H. and Przybylski R. (2008). Chemical composition. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations, Food Chemistry, 108: 986-995.

Klun J.A. and Debboun M. (2000). A new module for quantitative evaluation of repellent efficacy using human subjects, Journal of Medical Entomology, 37: 177-181.

Kongkaew C., Sakunrag I., Chaiyakunapruk N. and Tawatsin A. (2011). Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies, Tropical Medicine and International Health, 16(7): 802â€“810.

Laarman J.J. (1955). The host-seeking behavior of the malaria mosquito Anopheles maculipennis atroparvus, Acta. Leiden, 25:1-44.

Lindsay L.R., Surgeoner G.A., Heal J.D. and Gallivan G.J. (1996). Evaluation of the efficacy of 3% citronella candles and 5% citronella incense for protection against field populations of Aedes mosquitoes, J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 12(2): 293-4.

Loumouamou A.N., Biassala E., Silou T., Ntondele-Nsansi P., Diamouangana J., Nzikou J.M., Chalchat J.C. and Figueredo G. (2010). Characterisation of a giant lemon grass acclimatised in the Congo-Brazzaville, Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2(6): 312-317.

Mittal A. and Ali M. (2011). Volatile oil composition of the leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2(2): 509-511.

Moore S.J., Hill N., Ruiz C. and Cameron M.M. (2007). Field evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellents and fumigants against the malaria vector Anopheles darling in Riberalta, Bolivian Amazon, Journal of Medical Entomology, 44(4): 624-630.

Moore S.J., Lenglet A. and Hill N. (2006). Plant-based insect repellents. In: Insect Repellents: Principles Methods and Use. (Debboun, M., Frances S.P. and Strickman D. Eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 275-303.

Nerio L.S., Olivero-Verbel J. and Stashenko E. (2010). Repellent activity of essential oils: A Review, Bioresours Technology, 101 (1): 372-328.

Noosidum A., Prabaripai A., Chareonviriyaphap T., Chandrapatya A. (2008). Excito-repellency properties of essential oils from Melaleuca leucadendron L., Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon, and Litsea salicifolia (Nees) on Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes, Journal of Vector Ecology, 33 (2): 305.

Palsson K. and Jaenson T.G.T. (1999). Plant products used as mosquito repellents in Guinea Bissau, West Africa, Acta Tropica, 72: 39-52.

Phasomkusolsil S. and Soonwera M. (2011). Comparative mosquito repellency of essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1(1): 113-118.

Prajapati V., Tripathi A.K., Aggarwal K.K. and Khanuja S.P. (2005). Insecticidal, repellent and oviposition-deterrent activity of selected essential oils against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, Bioresour. Technol, 96(16): 1749-1757.

Pushpanathan T., Jebanesan A. and Govindarajan M. (2006). Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of Cymbopogan citratus Stapf (Graminae) essential oil against the filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera : Culicidae), Tropical Biomedicine, 23(2): 208â€“212.

Santiwitchaya O. (2004). Efficacy of volatile oils derived from Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Litsea cubeba against mosquitoes. M. S. thesis, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University, Thailand.

Seyoum A., Palsson K., Kunga S., Kabiru E.W., Lwande W., Killeen G.F., Hassanali A. and Knols B.G.J. (2002) Traditional use of mosquito repellent plants in Western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against An. gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning, Transaction of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96: 225-231.

Skocibusic M., Bezic N. and Dunkic V. (2006). Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from Satureja subspicata Vis. Growing in Croatia, Food Chemistry, 96: 20-28.

Sokovic M. and Van Griensven L.J.L.D. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their components against the three major pathogens of the cultivated button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, European Journal Plant Pathology, 116: 211-224.

Stuart A.E., Brooks C.J., Prescott R.J. and Blackwel l.A. (2000). Repellent and antifeedant activity of salicylic acid and related compounds against the biting midge, Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), J. Med. Entomol., 37: 222-227.

Tawatsin A., Asavadachanukorn P., Thavara U., Wongsinkongman P., Bansidhi J., Boonruad T., Chavalittumrong P., Soonthornchareonnon N., Komalamisra N. and Mulla M.S. (2006). Repellency of essential oils extracted from plants in Thailand against four mosquito vectors (diptera: culicidae) and oviposition deterrent effects against Ae. aegypti (diptera: culicidae), South East Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 37(57): 915-931.

Tawatsin A., Wratten S.D., Roderic S.R., Thavara U. and Tachadamrongsin Y. (2001). Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors, Journal of Vector Ecology, 26: 76-82.

Thai Industrial Standards Institute. (1986). Mosquito repellents. Bangkok, Thailand: Thai Industrial Standards Institute, Ministry of Industry: pp. 15.

Thorsell W., Mikiver A., Malander I. and Tution H. (1998). Efficacy of plant extracts and oils as mosquito repellents, Phytomedicine, 5: 311323.

Tjahjani S. (2008). Efficacy of several essential oils as culex and aedes repellents, Cong. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 3: 33-37.

Traboulsi A.F., El-Haj S., Tueni M., Taoubi K., Nader N.A. and Mrad A. (2005). Repellency and toxicity of aromatic plant extracts against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae), Pest Manag. Sci., 61: 597-604.

Trongtokit Y., Rongsriyam Y., Komalamisran N. and Apiwathanasorn C. (2005). Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites, Phytother. Res., 19: 303-309.

Verma R.S., Verma R.K., Yadav A.K. and Chauhan A. (2010). Changes in the essential oils compositions of rose scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens Lâ€™ Herit. Ex Ait) due to date of transplanting under hill conditions of uttarakhand, Indian Journal of Nautral Product and Resources, 1(3): 367-370.

Vongsombath C., Palsson K., Bjork L., Karlson A.K.B. and Jaenson T.G.T. (2012). Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) repellency field tests of essential oils from plants traditionally used in Laos, Journal of Medical Entomology, 49(6): 1398-1404.

Wattal B.L., Joshi G.C., Das M. (1981). Role of agriculture insecticides in precipitating vector resistance, Journal of Communicable Diseases, 13: 71-73. WHO. (2013) â€˜Dengue and severe dengueâ€™. (Fact sheet No. 117. Geneva, Updated September 2013). (http://www. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/ fs117/en/; accessed September 2013).

Yap, H.H., Jahangir, K., Chong, A.S.C., Adanan, C.R., Chong, N.L., Malik, Y.A. and Rohaizat, B. (1998). Field efficacy of a new repellent, KBR 3023, against Aedes albopictus (SKUSE) and Culex quinquefasciatus (SAY) in a tropical environment, Journal of Vector Ecology, 23: 62-68.