Status of Lophodermium Needle Blight Disease of Blue Pine (Pinus Wallichiana) in Kashmir (India)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2017/v143i11/119704Keywords:
Lophodermium, Needle Blight, Blue Pine, Status.Abstract
So far no work on status of this disease has been conducted in India. Further, during last few years needlecast in Jammu and Kashmir as a result of Lophodermium infections has severely affected nursery seedlings, pine plantations in forests and those grown for ornamental purpose. The two year studies conducted during 2008 and 2009 revealed that disease was prevalent in all the three surveyed districts of Kashmir viz., Anantnag, Baramulla and Srinagar with disease incidence of 31.1 and 28.8 per cent in nurseries and 42.9 and 35.8 per cent in plantations, respectively. Moderate defoliation of 21 to 30 per cent was noticed in all the surveyed locations of districts Anantnag and Baramulla. However, in Srinagar slight defoliation (<20%) was observed. The blight disease exhibited positive correlation with altitude. The correlation coefficient between altitude and disease incidence on pine plantations and nurseries was 0.33 and 0.30, respectively. The Lophodermium needle blight was observed in all the surveyed locations of the Kashmir valley and requires immediate attention to manage the disease at seedling stage.References
Affeltranger C.E. (1972). Incidence and control of Lophodermium needlecast on Scotch pine nursery seedlings. Plant Disease Reporter, 56: 457-460.
Ahangar F.A., Dar G.H., Beig M.A. and Sofi T.A. (2011). First report of needle blight on Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) and Aleppo pine (P. halepensis), caused by Lophodermium macci, from Asia. Plant Pathology Journal, 10: 181-186.
Anon. (2003). A Digest of Forest Statistics. Statistics Division, Department of Forests, J&K Government, Srinagar (J&K), p. 15.
Anon. (2009). Forest Survey of India. Indian State forest report. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt., of India. 5: 44. (www.jsi.nic.in)
Brown A., Rose D. and Webber J. (2003). Red Band Needle blight of Pine. An Information Note. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, England.
Coops N., Stanford M., Old K., Dudzinski M., Culvenor D. and Stone C. (2003). Assessment of Dothstroma needle blight of Pinus radiata using airborne hyperspectral imagery. Phytopathology, 93: 1524-1532.
Dogra P.D. (1987). Forestry, environmental and tree breeding potential of Himalayan conifers. Gyanodaya Prakashan Nainital, India, p. 120.
Douce G.K., Moorhead D.J. and Bargeron C.T. (2000). Forest Pest Control, Special Bulletin 16, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, USA.
Drenkhan R. (2011). Epidemiological investigation of pine foliage diseases by the use of the needle trace method. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia, pp. 208.
FAO (2006). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005. Progress Towards Sustainable Forest Management. FAO Forestry Paper 147. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome.
Gadgil P.D. (1984). Dothistroma Needle Blight. Forest Pathology in New Zealand No. 5. New Zealand Forest Service, Roturua, New Zealand.
Gourbiere F., Maanen V.A. and Debouzie D. (2001). Associations between three fungi on pine needles and their variation along a climatic gradient. Mycological Research, 105: 1101-1109.
Grieve M. (1984). A Modern Herbal. New York,Penguin.
Hanso M. (1970). Die ganzjährige Kiefernnadelschütte in phytopathologischer Sicht. Forestry Studies, 8: 260-274.
Hanso M. and Drenkhan R. (2008). First observations of Mycosphaerella pini in Estonia. Plant Pathology, 57: 11-77.
Hartig R. (1984). Text Book of the Diseases of Trees. Transactions of Somerville, Macmillan. London, p. 331.
Ivory M.H. (1994). Records of foliage pathogens of Pinus species in tropical countries. Plant Pathology, 43: 511-518.
Jerry W.R. and Richard S.S. (2008). Nursery Diseases of Western Conifers. Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet No. 157. USDA Forest Service, USA.
Johansen R.W. and Wade D.D. (1987). Effects of crown scorch on survival and diameter growth of slash pines. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 2: 180-184.
Kirk P.M., Cannon P.F., Minter D.W. and Stalpers J.A ( 2008). Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edn. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. pp. 1-771.
Kiswan J., Pandey R. and Dadhwal V.K. (2009). Technical Paper India's Forest and Tree Cover: Contribution as a Carbon Sink. India Council of Forestry Research and Education. New Forest Dehradun, India.
Lal A.K and Sing P.P. (2003). Economic worth of carbon stored in above-ground biomass of Indian forests. Indian Forester, 130: 874-880.
Lanier L. (1968). Contribution à l` etude du rouge cryptogamique du pin sylvestre dû auLophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chev. Annales Sciences Forestieres, 25: 69-82.
Lazarev V. (1980). Bioecological characteristics of Lophodermium spp. on Scots pine and the nurseries of Bosnia. In: Current research on conifer needle diseases. IUFRO Working Party on needle diseases Sarajevo. (Ed. C.S. Millar) University of Aberdeen, Department of Forestry, Aberdeen, UK, pp. 59-67.
Maanen V..A and Gourbiere (2000). Balance between colonization and fructification in fungal dynamics control: a case study of Lophodermium pinastrion Pinus sylvestris needles. Mycological Research, 104: 587-594.
Maanen V.A., Debouzie D. and Gourbriere F. (2000). Distribution of three fungi colonising fallen Pinus sylvestris needles along altitudinal transacts. Mycological Research, 104: 1133-1138.
Millar C.S. and Watson A.R. (1971). Two biotypes of Lophodermium pinastri in Scotland. Europian J. Forest Pathology, 1: 87-93.
Minter D.W. (1981). Lophodermium on pines. Mycological Papers, 147:1-54.
Minter D.W. and Millar C.S. (1980). Ecology and biology of three Lophodermium species on secondary needles of Pinus sylvestris. European J. Forest Pathology, 10: 169-181.
Minter D.W. (1980). Leptostroma on pine needles. Canadian J. Botany, 46: 906-917.
Murray J.S. and Young C.W.T. (1956). The effect of brashing and thinning debris on the incidence of Lophodermium pinastri. Forestry, 50: 75-76.
Nicholls T.H. and Skilling D.D. (1970). Lophodermium pinastri outbreak in Lake States forest nurseries. Plant Disease Reporter, 54: 731-733.
Nicholls T.H. (1973). Fungicide control of Lophodermium pinastri on red pine nursery seedlings. Plant Disease Reporter, 57: 263-266.
Ortiz-GarcÃa S., Gernandt D.S., Stone J.K., Johnston P.R., Chapela I.H., Salas L.R. and Alvarez B. (2003). Phylogenetics of Lophodermium from pine. Mycologia, 95: 846-859.
Pagony H. (1971). The course of the weather and control of the Lophodermium needlecast. Przebieg Pogody a Zwalczanie Osutki Sosny, 127: 109-116.
Petkov P. (1984). Juvenile disease of pine and its spread in Bulgaria. Gorsko Stopanstvo 40: 31-33.
Sharma M.P. and Sharma R. (1983). The Genus Lophodermium (Phacidiales) in India. In: Fungi of Indian Subcontinent , Indian Mycologists (Eds.). Lubrecht and Cramer Ltd, India, pp.158-169.
Skilling D.D. (1974). Control of Lophodermium needlecast in Scotch pine Christmas tree plantations. Plant Disease Reporter, 58: 853-856.
Skilling D.D. and Nicholls T.H. (1974). Brown spot needle diseases: Biology and control in Scotch pine plantations. USDA Forest Service Research Paper NC-109.
Thomsen I.M. (2009). Precipitation and temperature as factors in Gremmeniella abietina epidemics. Forest Pathology, 39: 56-72.
Uscuplic M. (1981). The infection period of Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley and Millar and the possibility of its control in nurseries. Zastita Bilja, 32: 375-382.
Weir J.R. (1913). An epidemic of needle diseases in Idaho and Western Montana. Phytopathology, 3: 252-253
Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Unless otherwise stated, copyright or similar rights in all materials presented on the site, including graphical images, are owned by Indian Forester.
