Assessment of the Floristic Composition, Biological Spectrum, Leaf Size Spectra and Traditional Conservation Management of A Sacred Grove in West Midnapore District, West Bengal, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2019/v145i2/144284Keywords:
APG IV, Biodiversity Conservation, Biological Spectrum, JJMT, Leaf Spectra, Life Form.Abstract
Sacred grove is fine example of community based nature conservation without any external support. Various plants and animals that are threatened in the forest are well conserved within these patches. In this viewpoint, the present study was carried out to exploring the biological spectrum, leaf size spectra, conservation status, management and utilization of the existing vegetation of a sacred grove, namely Joypur Joysini Matar Than (JJMT) the West Midnapore district of West Bengal state in India. Floristic list of the study area revealed that the vegetation of JJMT was diverse and composed of 177 species belonging to 165 genera distributed in 59 families from 31 orders according to APG IV classification. The dominant order and family in terms of species richness were Lamiales (23 species) and Fabaceae (16 species) respectively. Biological spectrum showed the study area was classified as “therochamaephytic†type of phytoclimate. As regards the leaf size spectra, mesophyll (23.16%) was found to be higher than other leaf size classes. The study area being a sacred grove may be well protected by further understanding its importance to the ecosystem of the locality and its useful resources for the future as well.References
Anderson T. (1862). Catalogue of plants indigenous in the neighbourhood of Calcutta with directions for examination and preservation of plants. Calcutta, India.
Anon (2010). Medicinal plant resources of south West Bengal. Vol.-2, Research Wing, Directorate of Forests, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, 124pp.
Anon (2011). District human development report, Paschim Medinipur. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 306pp.
Chase M.W., Christenhusz M.J.M., Fay M.F., Byng J.W., Judd W.S., Soltis D.E. and Stevens P.F. (2016). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Bot. J. Linean. Soc., 181: 1-20.
Asmus U. (1990). Floristic and phytosociological study in Gropiusstadt (Berlin) Germany. Berlin Brandenburg, 8:97-140 Badshah L., Hussain F. and Akhtar N. (2010). Vegetation structure of subtropical forest of Tabai, South Waziristan, Pakistan. Front. Agric. China, 4(2): 232-236.
Batalha M.A. and Martins F.R. (2002). Life-form spectra of Brazilian Cerrado sites. Flora, 197 (6): 452-460.
Batalha M.A. and Martins F.R. (2004). Floristic, frequency, and vegetation life-form spectra of a cerrado site. Braz. J. Biol., 64(2): 201-209.
Bennet S.S.R. (1979). Flora of Howrah district (Dehradun, India: International Book Distributors).
Bhakat R.K. and Pandit P.K. (2003). Role of a sacred grove in conservation of medicinal plants. Indian Forester, 129:224-232.
Bharucha F.R. and Dave R.N. (1944). The biological spectrum of grassland association. JUB, 13: 15-25 Bor N.L. (1960). The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (excluding Bambuseae) (London: Pergamon Press).
Cain S.A. and Castro G.D.O. (1959). Manual of vegetation analysis (New York, USA: Harper and Brothers).
Cain S.A. (1950). Life-form and Phytoclimates. Bot. Rev., 16(1): 1-32.
Chigani H.K., Khajeddin S.J. and Karimzadeh H.R. (2012). Soil-vegetation relationships of three arid land plant species and their use in rehabilitating degraded sites. Land Degrad. Dev., 23(1): 92-101.
Cunningham A.B. (2001). Applied ethnobotany: People, wild plant use and conservation (London: Earthscan Publications Ltd).
Gastauer M., Neto M. and Alves J.A. (2017). Updated angiosperm family tree for analyzing phylogenetic diversity and community structure. Acta Bot. Bras., 31(2): 191-198.
Ghosh A. (1997). Paschimbanglar udvid. Vol. 1, BSI, Kolkata, 1-319pp.
Ghosh A. (1998). Paschimbanglar udvid. Vol. 2, BSI, Kolkata, 1-373pp.
Ghosh A. (2001). Paschimbanglar udvid. Vol. 3, BSI, Kolkata, 1-399pp.
Ghosh A. (2005). Paschimbanglar udvid. Vol. 4, BSI, Kolkata, 1-409pp.
Ghosh A., Ghara C. and Murmu S. (2008). Paschimbanglar udvid, Vol. 5, BSI, Kolkata, 1-472pp.
Guo Q.S., Wang X.F., Bar G., Kang Y., Hong M., Pei S.X. and Zhang F.J. (2009). Life form spectra, leaf character, and hierarchical-synusia structure of vascular plants in Thuja sutchuehensis community. Pub Med, 20(9): 2057-2062.
Haines H.H. (1921-1925). The botany of Bihar and Orissa. Vol 1-6, BSI, Calcutta, India.
Hooker J.D. (1872-1897). The flora of British India. Vol. I-VII, Reeve and Co., London.
Hussain F. (1989). Field and laboratory manual of plant ecology. UGC, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Hussain F., Iqbal I. and Akhtar, P. (2005). Floristic and vegetation studies of Ghalegay Hills, District Swat, Pakistan. Int. J. Bio. Biotec., 2(4): 847-852.
IUCN. (2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-1 ; accessed on 20 November, 2018
Kar P.K., Biswal A.K. and Barik K.L. (2010). Floristic composition and biological spectrum of a grassland community of Rangamatia in the district of Mayurbhanj, Odisha. Curr. Sci., 15(2): 465-469.
Keeley S.C. and Albert W.J. (1977). A Comparison of pattern of herb, shrub growth in comparable sites of Chili and California. Am. Midl. Nat., 97: 120-132.
Khan M.L., Khumbongmayum A.D. and Tripathi R.S. (2008). The sacred groves and their significance in conserving biodiversity: an overview. Front. Agric. China, 34(3): 277-291.
Khan N., Ahmed M., Syed S.S., Wahab M. and Siddiqui M.F. (2011). Structure, diversity, and regeneration potential of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. dominated forests of lower Dir district, Pakistan. Front. Agric. China, 5(1): 106-121.
Khan W., Khan S.M., Ahmad H., Alqarawi A.A., Shah G.M., Hussain M. and Abd Allah E.F. (2018). Life forms, leaf size spectra, regeneration capacity and diversity of plant species grown in the Thandiani forests, district Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Saudi. J. Biol. Sci., 25: 94-100.
Khumbongmayum A.D., Khan M.L. and Tripathi R.S. (2005). Ethnomedicinal plants in the sacred groves of Manipur. IJTK, 4(1): 21-32.
Kirtikar K.R. and Basu B.D. (1935). Indian medicinal plants. Vols. 1-4, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.
Malik Z.H., Hussain F. and Malik N.Z. (2007). Life form and leaf size spectra of plant communities harbouring Ganga Chotti and Bedori Hills during 1999-2000. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 9(6): 833-838.
Manhas R.K., Singh L., Vasistha H.B. and Negi M. (2010). Floristic diversity of protected ecosystems of Kandi region of Punjab, India. N. Y. Sci. J., 3(4): 96-103
McDonald E.S. (1937). The life-forms of the flowering plants of Indiana. Am. Midl. Nat., 18(5): 687-773.
Meera A.G., Hagen M.A. and Orellana J.A.V. (1999). Aerophyte, a new life form in Raunkiaer's classification. J. Veg. Sci., 10: 65-68.
Meher-Homji V.M. (1964). Life forms and biological spectra as epharmonic criteria of aridity and humidity in tropics. IBS, 43(3): 424-430.
Misra M.P., Mishra P.N. and Pandey B.N. (1979). An ecological account of the vegetation of Brahmyoni Hills (Gaya). ISCA, 3:108-109.
Muller D. and Ellenberg H. (1974). Aims and methods of vegetation ecology (New York, USA: John Wiley and sons).
Murphy P.G. and Lugo A.E. (1986). Ecology of tropical dry forests. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst., 17: 67-88.
Musila W.M., Kinyamario J.I. and Jungerius P.D. (2003). Vegetation dynamics of coastal sand dunes near Malindi, Kenya. Afr. J. Ecol., 39(2):170-177.
Nautiyal S, Maikhuri R.K., Rao K.S. and Saxena K.G. (2001). Medicinal plant resources in Nanda Devi biosphere reserve in the central Himalayas. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants, 8: 47-64.
Nayar M.P., Ramamurthy K. and Agarwal V.S. (1989). Economic plants of India. Vol. 1-2, BSI, Kolkata.
Nazir A. and Malik Z.H. (2006). Life form and index of similarity of plant communities recorded at Sarsawa Hill District Kotri. JRST, 17(1): 27-33.
Pakrashi S.C. and Mukhopadhya S. (Eds.). (2004). Medicinal and aromatic plants of red laterite region of West Bengal (Bankura, Medinipore and Purulia). WBAST, Kolkata, 1508pp.
Pandey R.P. and Parmar P.J. (1993). An assessment of biological spectrum of flora of Rajasthan. JETB, 17:99-103.
Paria N. (Ed.). (2005). Medicinal plant resources of south West Bengal. Vol.-1, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, 1198pp.
Prain D. (1903a). Bengal plants. Vol. 1, BSI, Calcutta, India.
Prain D. (1903b). Bengal plants. Vol. 2, BSI, Calcutta, India.
Rajendraprasad M., Krishnan P.N. and Pushpangadan P. (1998). The life form spectrum of sacred grove and a functional tool to analyse the vegetation. Trop. Ecol., 39(2): 211-217.
Rana T.S., Datt B. and Rao R.R. (2002). Life forms and biological spectrum of the flora of Tons Valley, Garhwal Himalaya (Uttaranchal), India. Taiwania, 47(2): 164-169.
Raunkiaer C. (1934). The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography (England: Clarendon Press).
Reddy K.N., Jadhav S.N., Reddy C.S. and Raju V.S. (2002). Life forms and biological spectrum of Marriguda reserve forest, Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh. Indian For., 128(7): 751-756.
Reddy S.C., Krishna H.P., Meena S.L., Bhardwaj R. and Sharma K.C. (2011). Composition of life forms and biological spectrum along climatic gradient in Rajasthan, India. Int. J. Environ. Sci., 7: 1632-1639
Sanyal M.N. (1994). Flora of Bankura district (Dehra Dun, India: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh).
Saxena A.K., Pandey P. and Singh J.S. (1982). Biological Spectrum and other structural functional attributes of the vegetation of Kumaun Himalaya. Plant Ecol., 49(2): 111-119.
Sen U.K. and Bhakat R.K. (2009). Ecological role of sacred groves in plant conservation, In: Effects of environmental toxicology on human health (Ed. T.R.C. Sinha), NESA, New Delhi, India, 211-219pp.
Sen U.K. and Bhakat R.K. (2012). Sacred grove and plant conservation: an insight from taxonomy and ecology. In: Mutidisciplinary approaches in angiosperm systematics (Eds. G.G. Maiti and S.K. Mukherjee), Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India, 410-421pp.
Sen U.K. (2016). Botanical and socio-cultural studies on some sacred groves of West Midnapore district, West Bengal, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Vidyasagar University, India, 1-321pp.
Sharma J. and Raina A.K. (2017). Lifeform classification and biological spectrum of Nandini wildlife sanctuary, Jammu, J & K, India. Environ. Conserv., 18(1/2): 231-237.
Sharma S.C. and Dhakre J.S. (1993). Life form classification and biological spectrum of the flora of Shahjaahanpur district, Uttar Pradesh (India). Indian Forester, 16(4): 366-371.
Sher Z. and Khan Z.U. (2007). Floristic composition, life form and leaf spectra of the vegetation of Chagharzai valley, district Buner. Pak. J. Plant Sci., 13(1): 57-66.
Shimwell D.W. (1971). The description and classification of vegetation. Sidgwick and Jackson, Science.
Shiva M.P. (1998). Inventory of forest resources for sustainable management and biodiversity conservation (New Delhi, India: Indus publishing company).
Singh B.P. and Arora A. (1994). Biological spectrum of the vegetation of Ganganagar district of Rajasthan. Rheedea, 4(1): 74-78.
Singh R.I. and Gupta A. (2015). Life-form classification and biological spectrum of Amambilok sacred grove, Andro, Manipur in northeast India. Pleione, 9(2): 356-364.
Singh S., Youssouf M., Malik Z.A. and Bussmann R.W. (2017). Sacred groves: myths, beliefs, and biodiversity conservation-a case study from Western Himalaya, India. Inter. J. Ecology, Article ID 3828609
Smith L.R. (1980). Ecology and field biology (New York, USA: Harper and Row Publishers).
Subramani S.P., Vanee J., Verma R.K. and Kapoor K.S. (2007). Floristic composition, life-forms and biological spectrum of Renuka wildlife sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh. Indian Forester, 133(1): 79-92.
Tareen R.B. and Qadir S.A. (1993). Life form and leaf size spectra of the plant communities of diverse areas ranging from Harnai, Sinjawi to Duki regions of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 25(1): 83-92.
Thakur A.S. (2015). Floristic composition, life-forms and biological spectrum of tropical dry deciduous forest in Sagar District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Trop. Plant Res., 2(2): 112-119.
Zohary M. (1962). Plant life of Palestine, Israel and Jordan (New York, USA: Ronald Publisher).
Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Unless otherwise stated, copyright or similar rights in all materials presented on the site, including graphical images, are owned by Indian Forester.
