The Vegetation of Manu Swamp: a Tropical Fresh-water Swamp Forest

Abstract

Manu Swamp of Rishikesh supports vegetation entirely different than the surroundings due to its uneven topography and different microclimatic conditions, Based on the topography and vegetation, it is divisible into swamp proper and swamp forest. 1 he swamp proper is composed of hydropbytic, amphibious, sedge, bush and fern, cane-break and tree communities, The swamp forest is composed of trees, shrubs and herbs. Epiphytic orchids are also common in this tropical fresh-water swamp forest. Its vegetation represents five strata. It differs with other swamps of Doon valley in species composition and dominance.